Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics

Sentential and Conversational Implicature Inference-Making Ability of Tourism College Students Based on Proficiency Levels

Dewa Gede Ngurah Byomantara — 2025-11-01

Studies on implicature inference-making ability of tourism students are ‘deficient,’ meanwhile implicature inference-making ability is crucial for tourism students. The current study aimed at: a) comparing implicature inference-making ability of sentences and short conversations between the low proficiency and high proficiency Tourism college students and b) exploring the factors which affect the learners’ implicature inference making-abilities. This is a mixed-methods study. The participants involved 320 students. Data collected with test for inferential ability were analyzed with Two-way Anova and qualitative data through iterative analysis. It is concluded that implicature inference-making ability of single sentences and short conversations between the low proficiency and high proficiency of the tourism college students is significantly different. However, there is no interaction of types of discourse and proficiency levels on implicature inference-making ability. Since the degree of skills affects implicature inference-making ability, the improvement of the students’ pragmatic understanding in English for Tourism should synchronize the types of implicature inference-making ability to be applied and their levels of skills.

Local Tourists’ Evaluation in Travel Vlogs of South Garut Tourism: A Case of Attitude

Reski Ramadhani — 2025-11-01

Digital platforms, particularly video-sharing platforms such as YouTube, have played a pivotal role in influencing travel decisions. As one of the emerging technologies impacting tourist behavior, YouTube has become increasingly significant. The present study focuses on evaluating the South Garut destinations, namely Santolo and Sayang Heulang Beaches, by analyzing comments provided in travel vlogs on YouTube, utilizing the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) framework through the attitude subsystem of appraisal, specifically affect, judgment, and appreciation. Adopting a qualitative descriptive paradigm, this study aims to elucidate the language phenomena associated with the tourism sector. Six travel vlog videos featuring comments from local tourists were examined, yielding 51 evaluative clauses related to Santolo Beach and 41 clauses pertaining to Sayang Heulang Beach. The findings of this study revealed the presence of all three attitude subtypes of the appraisal system (affect, judgment, and appreciation) within the analyzed data. Among these, appreciation through valuation with positive polarity emerged as the most dominant attitude subsystem. Overall, the results indicate that local tourists expressed considerable appreciation for the natural beauty of both destinations. Nevertheless, negative evaluations were also evident, addressing concerns such as parking facilities, stray animals, garbage disposal, illegal levies, inflated food prices, ticket management, and road conditions. Despite these issues, the general sentiment among local tourists remained predominantly positive regarding both destinations.

A Needs-Based Analysis and Development of an English Language Skills Module for Front Office Employees at a Local Hotel in Batam

Leil Badrah Zaki — 2025-11-01

This study presents a needs-based analysis and the development of an English language skills module specifically designed for front office employees at a local hotel in Batam, Indonesia. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach and the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), the module was developed based on Hutchinson & Waters' needs analysis framework. Data were collected through interviews with four front office employees, while two experts—a hotel manager and an ESP lecturer—validated the module. The analysis revealed that employees primarily struggled with listening comprehension, speaking fluency, and confidence when interacting with international guests. The findings imply that conducting a thorough needs analysis is crucial for developing effective English training materials in the hospitality industry. Without understanding the specific language challenges faced by front office employees, training programs risk being irrelevant or ineffective. This study highlights that a conducted needs analysis leads to more targeted, practical modules that directly address real workplace communication problems. It also underscores the importance of aligning training content with employee needs to improve service quality, enhance guest satisfaction, and strengthen the hotel’s role in supporting regional tourism growth.

Portrait of Critical Thinking Disposition among English Education Freshmen: Implication to Teaching Syllabus Design

Murti Ayu Wijayanti — 2025-11-01

The disposition of students to engage in critical thinking is an essential requirement for developing critical thinking skills and significantly impacts their competency in critical thinking. However, the practice of critical thinking is hardly included into educational institutions. Consequently, this study is conducted to determine the portrait of critical thinking disposition among English education freshmen at a state university in Banten, Indonesia. The findings of this study will serve as the foundation for developing teaching syllabus in all subjects in English department. This study utilized descriptive qualitative method to analyze the characteristics of critical thinking disposition among first-year English education students. The study sample comprised of first-semester students who were currently enrolled in the English Education Department comprising 110 first-year students. The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) assessment, developed by Facione in 2011, was employed to gather data regarding students’ disposition towards critical thinking. The research findings indicate that, on the whole, English education freshmen possess a favorable disposition towards critical thinking, as 48.18% of the students fall into the positive category of essential thinking ability, followed by 44.52% exhibiting a strong CTD. Meanwhile, 7.3% of the student respondents show an ambivalent CTD. Further, while the top three CTD indicators among the freshmen are truth-seeking, open-mindedness, and analyticity, the bottom three indicators of their critical thinking disposition comprise inquisitiveness, maturity of judgement, and self-confidence. The results suggest that the students are familiar enough in solving problems or seeking truth from diverse points of views, but lack of desire and bravery for learning to process own reasoning and making decisions. Integrating the latest findings into the structure and implementation of the English education syllabus has the potential to enhance students' disposition towards critical thinking, thereby impacting their long-term ability to think critically.

Understanding English Teachers’ Engagement in Professional Learning Communities for TPACK Reconstruction

Sayyidatul Fadlilah — 2025-11-01

This study examines the role of English teachers in Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) as they develop their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) within the context of cultural and religious norms in madrasahs in Semarang City, Indonesia. Using a qualitative ethnographic case study methodology, the data were collected through observations, questionnaires, and field notes to demonstrate teachers' behavioural, emotional, and cognitive engagement. The study consisted of 50 in-service English teachers from thirty Islamic junior high schools serving varying educational backgrounds and professional learning experiences. The findings suggest, using Fredricks et al.'s multidimensional framework on engagement, that the teachers were very engaged behaviourally when we measured their attendance, participation, and attempts to use technology in their classrooms. Emotionally, the teachers exhibited excitement, curiosity, key details, engagement, pride, and self-efficacy, which led them to feel connected to the PLC and motivated to experiment with different instructional practices. Cognitively, the teachers engaged in reflective practices, planning with goals, problem-solving, and pedagogically integrating technology with content. This study highlights that PLCs can be a formidable vehicle for collaborative professional growth, helping English teachers develop their technological teaching capacity and pedagogically innovate while maintaining their cultural and religious nuance. This study also highlights that TPACK reconstruction involves a process of continually engaging in multidimensional, ongoing interactions to be effectively reconstructed in a relevant context.

Comparative Phonology of Malay Languages in West Kalimantan Province: A Dialectological Study

Patriantoro Patriantoro — 2025-11-01

This research aims to describe and map the phonological correspondence, including any differences, and to create an isogloss file. The conversation method was used for data collection. The technique involved pointing at objects, pictures, photos, and activities. Instruments were used to facilitate data gathering. Data was obtained through in-depth conversations with informants using the prepared instruments. The analysis method used is both descriptive and comparative, employing both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods as well as the synchronic comparative method. The comparative method is used to compare phonological correspondence differences between observation points. The dialectometric formula was used to calculate the number of phonological differences. The isogloss file is created as the boundary of the Malay language phonological correspondence between observation points. The study results describe the correspondence of Malay language phonology in 13 observation points. Secondly, the phonological correspondence between observation points varies from 6.54% at observation points 1-2 to 14.33% at observation points 9-11. Furthermore, the mapping of the phonological variation and correspondence of the Malay language in West Kalimantan Province revealed the existence of three dialects: Sambas, Mempawah, and Sintang. Figure 2 displays the impact of correspondence and phonological variation on the location of each dialect. Additionally, the isogloss line that distinguishes the phonological correspondence of Malay language variations is represented in the form of isophonic files. This study is significant since it has identified three unique Malay dialects in West Kalimantan and revealed intriguing phonological correspondences among them. The Malay dialects of West Kalimantan exhibit systematic correspondences among the vowels [-e], [-?], [-a], and [-o]. The [o] sound closely resembles the [o] sound in the Malay language of Jambi Province. The Malay dialect of Jambi possesses a variant that concludes with the vowel [o]. This association in West Kalimantan is predominantly observed in the coastal areas of Sambas Regency. This finding suggests that the Malay dialects spoken in West Kalimantan and Jambi are interconnected. The [e] correspondence closely resembles the Malay dialect utilized in Jakarta, particularly in the regions of Sambas, Singkawang, and Bengkayang.

Morphological Behavior of the Prefix 'In-' and Its Assimilated Forms in English Negation

Martinus Hergirico Riandana — 2025-11-01

This study aimed to find the underlying form of the prefixes in-, im-, il-, ir- and morphological processes occurring in the complex words containing those prefixes. The researchers focus on the negation, meaning only words with a prefix that changes the initial meaning of the root word into a negative meaning are qualified. Descriptive analysis was employed. Seventy qualified words from the Oxford English Dictionary were chosen to be analysed. The researchers formulated two research questions: (1) What is the underlying form of the prefixes in-, im-, il-, and ir-? and (2) What morphological processes occurred in the complex words containing prefixes in-, im-, il-, and ir-? The findings showed that the prefix in- is the underlying form of those prefixes seen from the lenses of morphology and phonology. Further, affixation is a morphological process that occurs in complex words containing those prefixes. This study contributes to shaping a better understanding of the prefix in- and its assimilated forms for English educators and language learners. Implications are discussed.